Caterpillar Business Report

Executive Summary

Caterpillar was formed after Benjamin Holt's death when his company merged with C.L. Best Company.  The company expanded globally, selling its engines, machinery, and services in nearly 200 countries around the world. Caterpillar serves a huge global market with more than half of their sales being overseas.  Caterpillar's top competitors, CNH Global and Komatsu, have been battling it out but Caterpillar has remained on top.  Caterpillar uses information technology to efficiently ship their products and keep track of all parts.  Their website also provides easy accessibility to view their products, history, news, code of ethics and much more about the company.  Caterpillar works hard to keep up with their code of ethics.  Caterpillar also designs products to be more environmentally friendly and remanufactures products to reuse materials.  They rely on their reputation as a marketing tool; consumers know that their products are great quality and often go there without needing advertisements.  Caterpillar has been doing very well financially; their total sales and revenue reached $42,588 million in 2010 and their stocks have been increasing throughout the years.

Entrepreneurship

In 1868, Benjamin Holt started a business manufacturing wagon spokes and hubs with his brothers W. Harrison, A. Frank, and Charles H. Holt (Jackson).  Five years later he expanded his business to sell felloes, wheels, bodies, and running gears (Jackson).  Holt spent the next ten years building up trade and spreading the word about his business (Jackson).  He soon became well known in commercial and manufacturing circles throughout the east (Jackson).  As sales continued to rise, Holt also continued inventing new machines for production.  A few years later he moved his business to California where his brother, Charles Holt, had a wholesale hardwood and wheel business (Jackson).  Their business soon expanded to produce farming equipment (“Technology’s Past”).  Tractors were especially important for the planters who finally had a way to replenish many needed acres of land (“Success Principles Online”).  One of the major reasons that their business was so successful was because they found a need in the community and filled it.

Benjamin Holt was the brains of the business; he used his creativity and mechanical knowledge to create successful machines.  Benjamin Holt attended public school at home and also took a course at an academy at Tilton, N.H (Jackson).  Afterwards, he studied at the Baptist Institution of Learning at New London, Conn (Jackson).  Although he was an “inventive genius”, he was also very modest; whenever receiving an award he was hesitant but accepting (Jackson).  Fame did not faze him as he stayed true to his company and his friends.  Throughout the entire history of the Holt company, Benjamin was the mechanical head of the company and the president (“Technology’s Past).  However, Benjamin’s management style was very democratic; employees helped in decision-making so that everything was agreed on by majority (Jackson).  He was very close with his employees and often went around the factory calling his employees by their first names (Jackson).  He even left a trust fund for employees who found themselves in financial difficulty (“Technology’s Past”).   Benjamin Holt truly enjoyed his work and cared about his employees. 

Qualities of success are creative ability, honestly, loyalty, intelligence, and friendliness.  Benjamin Holt had all of these qualities and more.  These qualities are what helped Benjamin succeed in business on his first try.  The business started out small but grew because of his inventive skills.  By 1905, Benjamin was managing the factory by himself with his 300 employees; his brothers had either died or left the area (“Technology’s Past”).  Benjamin stayed with the company until his unexpected death in 1920 (“Technology’s Past”).  Five years after his death, the company merged with its greatest competitor, the C.L. Best Company, and took the name “Caterpillar Tractor Co” (“Technology’s Past”). 

Customers/Competitors

Caterpillar is a multi-line company; they sell engines, financing and insurance services, machinery such as backhoe loaders and tractors, and mining equipment for both surface and underground (Daniels).  Caterpillar makes most of its sales in machinery; the 2010 sales reached 27,767 million dollars in machinery alone (Daniels).  Engines were runner-up at sales of 12,100 million dollars in 2010 (Daniels).  Caterpillar has a worldwide network of 220 dealers which are independently owned and operated businesses; their products are distributed in nearly 200 countries (“Cashman Equipment”).  Caterpillar products are manufactured in approximately 110 facilities worldwide.  Caterpillar has about 50 plants located in the United States (“Cashman Equipment”).  However, they also have almost 60 overseas plants in countries such as Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, England, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, the People’s Republic of China, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, and Sweden (“Cashman Equipment”).  Caterpillar sells mostly to construction companies who are then hired to do the job. 

The strengths of Caterpillar Inc. are its operational efficiency, wide product and service offerings, and extensive distribution network ("Global Data").  Caterpillar has opportunity to grow in its emerging markets, and through business expansion ("Global Data").  Caterpillar’s weaknesses are legal proceedings and its threats are compliance to environmental norms, currency risk, and intensified competition ("Global Data").  

Caterpillar’s top competitors are CNH Global, Komatsu, and Volvo (Daniels).  CNH Global is one of the world’s largest makers of agricultural combines and tractors (Daniels).  Komatsu is number two behind Caterpillar in building and mining equipment (Daniels).  Volvo is a leading maker of trucks, buses, construction equipment, and marine, aircraft and industrial engines (Daniels).  In 2010, Caterpillar had the greatest number of sales reaching $42,588 million (Daniels).  Volvo was runner-up with $39,024 million; next, there was Komatsu with $22,241 million and CNH Global with $15,608 million (Daniels).  Komatsu actually exceeded Caterpillar in Net Profit Margins with 9.30% (Daniels).  Caterpillar had 7.82%, Volvo had 5.29%, and CNH Global had 4.46% (Daniels).  Therefore, even though Caterpillar had the greatest revenue, their greatest competition is in Net Profit Margins.

Information Technology

The Caterpillar website highlights their strategy, history, governance, employees, offices and facilities, sponsorships, and suppliers.  They want their products, services and solutions to help their customers succeed, and create a more sustainable world.  Caterpillar’s goals for the next five years highlights superior results, the best team of employees, and the success of their customers. 

The Caterpillar website can be used to see new research and development.  Customers can see what new technology is being developed, such as hybrid systems, autonomous machines, alternative fuels, and engine emissions and efficiency.  Customers can see the quality of work that goes into Caterpillar’s products and watch actual simulation videos of how Caterpillar’s products run.  On the website, one can also look into becoming a supplier.  By following a few simple steps and filling out a couple forms, anyone can look into being a Caterpillar supplier.  Also, people looking to buy a stock or share can find plenty of information needed to make a decision.  Finally, Caterpillar provides a wide variety of job opportunities, and also provides career development so that employees can increase their knowledge and skills in the area.

The Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is used to exchange business documents between companies.  Caterpillar started using the EDI in the mid-1980s  to “link together more than 250 suppliers and 450 supplier locations into a single network using the EDI facilities of the General Electric Information Services Company” (Roche).  Caterpillar’s information system is run from a mainframe computer installation in Morton, IL and connected to the regional distribution centers through online computer linkages (Roche).  Usually, the dealers are linked too so that they can check inventory control and meet customer demands such as delivering spare parts (Roche).  By having everything controlled electronically, it makes it a lot easier for a dealer to find a needed part.  The location of every part is tracked by the central data processing function (Roche).  Knowing where every spare part is makes a huge company like Caterpillar much easier to run and a lot more efficient as well.

Caterpillar needs to be up to date with their information technology.  The internet and e-commerce are a huge part of Caterpillar Inc.  Since Caterpillar is a global market, it is essential that they market their ideas over the internet.  In order for Caterpillar to keep increasing sales and demand, they must spread their market to other areas.  E-commerce makes it easy for customers to get their products and the internet makes it helpful for stockholders, customers, and even employees to see the improvements taking place in the company. 

Global Activities

Caterpillar serves customers in more than 180 countries around the globe with more than 300 products.  Caterpillar also has manufacturers in 23 countries.  More than half of Caterpillar’s sales are outside the United States.  Caterpillar has more than 500 facilities worldwide.  In 2009 there were 56 Caterpillar dealers in North America.  From these 56 dealers, machinery sales and revenue reached $6,993 million, engine sales reached $3,652 million, and financial products received $1,714 million.  Latin America has 31 dealers which employs 10,776 people.  The sales and revenue in Latin America in 2009 were $2,555 million in machinery, $1,080 million in engines, and $268 million in financial products.  Europe and the Middle East had the second highest number of Caterpillar dealers at 51.  They had sales and revenue in the four millions for both machinery and engines.  Lastly, Asia and the Pacific had 40 Caterpillar dealers.  The machinery sales were in the four millions, engines in the two millions, and financial products at $379 million.  (“Worldwide Locations”)

Caterpillar sells in both domestic and international markets.  In 2009, 69% of sales were outside of the United States, while only 31% were inside the United States.  In 2005, 53% of the sales were outside of the United States and every year it has been increasing.  International sales in 2009 were $20,382 million.  Only $9,158 million of the sales were from the United States.  (“Worldwide Locations”) 

Caterpillar headquarters are in Peoria, Illinois.  Even though the headquarters are in the United States, Caterpillar has many sales abroad.  Many of the product lines are sold in other countries and some manufactured in other countries as well.  Caterpillar has plants in countries such as Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, England, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, the People’s Republic of China, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, and Sweden (“Cashman Equipment”).  Caterpillar has multiple plants in some of these countries.

Caterpillar has regional offices in Australia, Belgium, China, France, India, Japan, Singapore, United Kingdom, and the United States.  Caterpillar has over 12,000 logistics professionals that speak twenty languages and manage over 130 facilities and operations spanning 23 countries and 6 continents (“Global Presence”).  Caterpillar’s global presence helps them succeed in competitive marketplaces.

Ethics

Caterpillar established their Code of Conduct in 1974 that highlights integrity, excellence, teamwork, and commitment.  Caterpillar finds that it is important for the employees to be honest because it reflects the company as a whole. Caterpillar also strives for the best quality in their products and services.  When everyone works together, different opinions and experiences help form the best results.  In addition, Caterpillar strives to protect the health and safety of Caterpillar employees and customers, and also be healthy to the environment.  (“Our Values”)

The Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) is very important in regulating Caterpillar.  Since Caterpillar has a lot of heavy machinery, it is easy for workers to get hurt.  Under the OSH act, workers are entitled to working conditions that do not pose a risk of serious harm (“OSHA”).  In 2009, Caterpillar went over the top ten cited violations from OSHA and came up with solutions.  As an example, one of Caterpillar’s top violations was fall protection.  To fix this problem they created a fall protection online training course, fall protection toolbox talks, and a video called safety basics: slips and falls (“Caterpillar Safety”).  The U.S. Securites and Exchange Commission (SEC) and U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) also set up regulatory laws for Caterpillar. 

One of Caterpillar’s most recent citations was a controversy between what is ethical and what is legal.  It started when workers on strike asked for copies of the company’s injury logs under OSHA regulation (“Case Digests”).  Caterpillar, who feared that the strikers would use these names to harass and injure these workers, decided to provide a redacted version with the names crossed out (“Case Digests”).  As a result, the Department of Labor issued a citation against the company for “willfully violating the regulation” and imposed a fine of $20,000 (“Case Digests”).  In court, Caterpillar argued that they were only trying to protect the workers from harm and it would have been a “greater harm” if they had given the strikers the full version of the injury logs (“Case Digests”).  The court ruled that, “if turning over the names could have led to injuries rather than promoted safety, and if redaction was the best way to eliminate a safety hazard, then the greater hazard defense might be applicable” (“Case Digests”).  Caterpillar tried doing what they thought was the right thing, however, it went against what the law required them to do. 

Caterpillar finds many ways to give back to the community.  They are always finding ways to protect the environment and are affiliated with many sustainability-focused organizations.  Caterpillar has been making their machinery more energy efficient by releasing less harmful emissions, using solar turbines for energy, and using remanufacturing techniques to ensure efficient use of resources.  Every year, Caterpillar Remanufacturing Services recycles more than 130 million pounds of iron, 200,000 pounds of cardboard, and 3.4 million pounds of wood material (Cat “2010”).  They also rebuild older machine models, which requires 50 to 60 percent less energy and reuses 85 to 95 percent of the materials (Cat “2010”).  Not only is Caterpillar working to improve their products, but in 2011 they entered the ENERGY STAR National Building Competition to show how committed they are to improving their energy efficiency (CAT “Environment”).  Caterpillar is planning to optimize the heating and air conditioning systems throughout the building through the use of a cohesive control system, optimize the facility lighting by implementing a building wide control system, and undergo a multi-year project to replace the facility’s roof to update insulation and provide a brighter reflective surface (CAT “Environment”).  Caterpillar is truly committed to improving energy efficiency and being better to the environment. 

Human Resources

Caterpillar has a team of more than 200,000 employees, dealer employees, and suppliers globally (“Careers”).  Logistics is currently Caterpillar’s largest division with more than 12,000 employees.  Caterpillar hires employees at many different levels including professional, staff, technical, and laborers (“Careers”).  Caterpillar employs laborers to work and create the machinery, technical staff for jobs such as distribution management, professionals for communications and affairs, and staff for all other parts of the company. 

Caterpillar’s health care benefits are comprehensive, affordable, and often include dental and vision care (“Well-Being”).  Also, employees may set a minimum of $75 and up to $5,000 each year in a healthcare Flexible Spending Accounts (FSA) to pay for healthcare expenses that are not covered by the health plan including, “deductibles, co-insurance, contact lenses and vision care, prescription and over-the-counter drugs, co-pays, Lasik eye surgery, dental treatment, orthodontic work and excess coverage amounts” (“Well-Being”).  Dependent care FSA’s can be used for expenses such as child day care, home care for a dependent parent, or special care for physically handicapped dependents (“Well-Being”).  All employees receive paid time off for vacation, holidays, bereavement, and jury duty, however, paid time off policies vary by location (“Well-Being”). 

Job opportunities are available in accounting, communications and public affairs, environment health and safety, finance and lending, legal issues, logistics, operations and manufacturing pricing, revenue management, technical marketing, and product support.  A brief description of each job and a job application are both available on the Caterpillar website.  Logistics, Caterpillar’s largest division, finds the best possible solutions for warehousing and distribution management, transportation management, inventory management, records management and information technology (“Careers”).  However, all other jobs at Caterpillar are just as important; for example, the company needs their operations and manufacturing team.  The human resources department oversees “the business of compensation, benefits, communications, learning, and hiring, among other functions” (“Careers”).  Caterpillar also offers career development programs, a Caterpillar University, student development programs, and a technician education program.  Caterpillar provides these services to make sure that their employees are constantly learning and growing to make a better team.

Caterpillar hires their employees through four different steps.  First, an application and forms must be completed (“How We Hire”).  Second, the applicant must take required tests to assess their job-related abilities and skills (“How We Hire”).  Third, eligible applicants are invited for an interview where the applicant’s achievements and qualifications are assessed and his application is reviewed (“How We Hire”).   Interviews are usually classified into two different types: technical and behavioral (“Vault”).  During a “technical” interview, the employer will usually ask questions about the specific job one is applying for (“Vault”).  “Behavioral” interviews have more questions on one’s motivation to join the company (“Vault”).  Practice tests and interview tips are available on the Caterpillar website.  Lastly, the applicant may be offered a job and be required to provide medical information and go for a physical examination (“How We Hire”).

Operations

Steven Wunning is the group president of Caterpillar Inc (“Corporate Governance”).  He has administrative responsibility in the Integrated Manufacturing Operations Division (IMOD) and many other divisions (“Corporate Governance”).  David Bozeman is vice president of the IMOD, the single largest division within Caterpillar (“Corporate Governance”).  This division employs approximately 18,000 employees over four continents and 22 facilities (“Corporate Governance”).  Caterpillar offers both products and services to their consumers.  They create engines to burn less fuel, machines that are more productive, and jobsites that are more efficient (“Caterpillar”).

Caterpillar has more than 110 manufacturing facilities worldwide including 50 in the United States and 60 in twenty-three other countries including Austria, Belgum, Brazil, Canada, England, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, the People’s Republic of China, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, and Sweden (“Marine Careers”).  More than half of Caterpillar’s manufacturing facilities are outside of the United States.  Caterpillar’s first manufacturing headquarters was in Peoria, Illinois which is now the world headquarters (“Caterpillar”). 

Caterpillar uses materials management to provide products in an easy and timely fashion and to optimize inventory investment (“Services”).  Caterpillar uses advanced analytics & processes, modeling techniques and technologies, and supply chain performance monitoring tools to keep their company running smoothly (“Services”).  They also use inventory management business processes, analytics, and Materials Management technology to keep their inventory stocked (“Services”).  Caterpillar’s logistics team can forecast the demand for products by using forecasting algorithms, statistical technologies, and collaborative market planning tools (“Services”).  These algorithms are used to determine the required quantity, delivery timing, and deployment of product from all customer supply sources to every facility in the distribution network (“Services”).  Caterpillar logistics uses management processes to help minimize inventory investment by determining appropriate reorder points and reorder quantities for each product or location (”Services”).  By keeping accurate records of inventory and using statistical test counts, the inventory shrinkage can be reduced (“Services”). 

Cat Logistics tries to meet the demands of main production operations by reducing inefficient material handling, optimizing use of production floor space, and optimizing utilization of skilled trades (“Services”).  Caterpillar remanufactures over 700 products including engines, hydraulics, fuel systems, and tires (“Caterpillar”).  By remanufacturing “end of life” products, they can become “same as new” for less of a cost (“Caterpillar”).  There are 18 remanufacturing facilities worldwide to provide sustainability (“Caterpillar”).  Caterpillar also has Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Professionals to improve and spread awareness of the importance of EHS (“Caterpillar”).  EHS is being drilled into every facility, product line, and service at Caterpillar to provide the best products for the environment, health and safety for everyone.   

Marketing

Caterpillar uses marketing to grow their company, reputation, and profits.  One of the ways Caterpillar connects with their customers is through social media. The use of technology and social media has a huge influence on a company’s success.  Caterpillar uses Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to market to customers (Schaefer). They also use industry blogs and forums where people can talk and ask questions about Caterpillar products (Schaefer).  Forums seem to be extremely helpful when a customer needs help with machine operation and maintenance, business ownership and management, safety, sustainability, or just general questions and group chats (“Online Community”). 

The majority of people who go on the Caterpillar website are ages 25 to 44 (“Alexa”).  Also, a majority of the people have a graduate school level education (“Alexa”).  Most of the viewers are male and either browse from school or work (“Alexa”).  A majority of the visitors are from the United States which is not too surprising considering how often Americans are on the internet (“Alexa”).  After the United States comes India, China, and Brazil (“Alexa”).

Caterpillar focuses on their customer service to provide exactly what the customer wants when they need it.  By providing the highest customer loyalty and unmatched customer support, Caterpillar makes sure their business stays on top (“2010”).  Caterpillar also listens to their customer’s likes and dislikes to improve their equipment (“2010”).  By providing excellent service to their customers, Caterpillar keeps their company profitable and successful.

Caterpillar has the best quality products and they highlight this while marketing to their customers.  Caterpillar has created a great reputation on the basis of their high quality products so that when a customer sees the yellow and black Caterpillar logo, they know they are getting the best product.  Although Caterpillar’s products may not always be the cheapest, they are always great quality, which is why so many people choose Caterpillar products. 

Promotions are a great way for a company to increase sales and Caterpillar knows this.  Caterpillar provides promotions on both new and used products to meet their customer’s needs.  Since high quality construction equipment is not always cheap, Caterpillar provides easy ways to simplify the financing process (“Promotions and Events”).  They also have a promotion where a customer can own a product for three months without paying a dime (“Promotions and Events”).  Insurance, machine product support, and financing are some of the major promotions that Caterpillar offers to their customers.

When the business first started in the 1900’s, the creation of their steam powered tractor was all the marketing they needed (“Caterpillar”).  During this time, huge growth and expansion was occurring in the United States and demand was greater than ever (“Caterpillar”).  The company name gained its reputation this way and its products were distributed nationally.  Once the company became global, they had even higher demand for products. 

If I were to market these products, I would make commercials, advertisements in magazines, and create more promotions.  Commercials are important in getting your product recognized because when people start to see the same product over and over they start to wonder what it is, and why it is so popular.  Advertisements in magazines are also effective because construction companies, workers, and other consumers will see the ad and be more willing to pick a Caterpillar product next time they are shopping in this market.  Promotions are a great way to get customers to buy your products because it makes it more affordable for the customer.  Large construction equipment can be pricy, so finding an easy way to pay it off, or even giving a discount, is a great way to increase customer demand satisfaction.

Finance

Caterpillar has been doing better financially in 2011 than it has in the past few years.  2010 was also a better year than 2009 for Caterpillar. Caterpillar’s fiscal year is from January to December (“Market Watch”).  Caterpillar’s total sales and revenue in 2010 was $42,588 million and only $32,396 million in 2009 (U.S. Securites).  This shows a 31.46% increase from 2009 to 2010 (“Market Watch”).   The increase in sales and revenue is most likely a result of economic growth in the developing world and “improvement from low levels of machine demand in 2009 in developed countries” (U.S. Securities).  The total operating costs of the company were $38,625 million in 2010 and the profit was $2,700 million as opposed to $895 million in 2009 (U.S. Securites).  Caterpillar currently has $36,864 million in assets and $77,767 million in total assets (U.S. Securites).  This shows an increase of $13,747 million from December 2010.  As the global economy continued to improve, the demand for Caterpillar products has increased sales and revenue up 62% (U.S. Securities).

Caterpillar’s total liabilities as of September 2011 are $63,605 million (“Forbes”).  The total equity is $14,162 million (“Forbes”).  The total liabilities and stock equity of the company have been increasing since at least 2007.  In 2007, the total liabilities and stock equity was $56,132 million and in 2010 it had increased to $64,020 million (“Forbes”).  The invested capital was determined to be $31,261 million in 2010 which was more than in past years (“Forbes”).  Overall, Caterpillar’s financial situation has been getting better over the past few years.

Since the beginning of the semester, Caterpillar’s stocks have gotten better.  The closing price started in the high 80’s in the beginning of September (“Yahoo Finance”).  Towards the end of September and early October, the prices dropped to lower 70’s (“Yahoo Finance”).  However, by mid-October prices started rising again and by November 1st the closing prices were back in the 90’s (“Yahoo Finance”).  As compared to the past couple years, closing prices have been generally increasing for the company (“Yahoo Finance”).    In 2009, stocks had a deep drop but since then have been generally increasing (“Yahoo Finance”). 

Over 52 weeks, the range for the stocks has been from 67.54 to 116.55 (“Yahoo Finance”).  The volume on the last trading day was $9.82 million and is $10.83 million on average (the last 30 days) (“Yahoo Finance”).  The market capitalization, or total value of a company in the stock market, is $62.16 billion (“Yahoo Finance”).  The ratio of the stock price to the sum of its reported earnings (P/E ratio) over the last 4 quarters is 14.69 (“Yahoo Finance”).  The latest dividend is .46 which is the dividend per share paid to shareholders in the most recent quarter and the dividend yield is 1.91 (“Yahoo Finance”).  The net income per share for the most recent quarter (EPS) is 6.54 (“Yahoo Finance”). Finally, the total number of shares is $646.62 million (“Yahoo Finance”).  

Works Cited

Entrepreneurship:

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"Business Strategies of World’s Successful Companies: Caterpillar Inc.’s Winning         Business Strategies." Success Principles Online. N.p., n.d.

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Colbruno, Michael. "Charles Henry Holt - Tractor Pioneer." Mountain View People.        N.p., 03 Sep 2007. Web. 4 Sep 2011.    

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Customers/Competitors:

"Caterpillar to Showcase Customer Focus, Product Innovation and Global    

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Information Technology:

Caterpillar. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sep 2011. <http://www.caterpillar.com/>.

"Caterpillar Signs EssentialMarkets to E-commerce Enable Suppliers." CBS                  Business. 10 Oct. 2000: n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011.        

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      ai_65908712/>.

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Roche, Edward. "Managing information technology in multinational  

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Global Activities:

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      map.html>.

Ethics:

“2010 Sustainability Report.” Caterpillar. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 11 Oct 2011  

      <http://www.caterpillar.com/cdafiles/2674607/7/

      2010SustainabilityReport.pdf>

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      Provide Un-Redacted Injury Logs To Union During Strike. .” Case Digests,  

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      caterpillar&n=25&docNum=A60142490&bConts=13311>.

“Environment, Health, and Safety.” Caterpillar. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 11 Oct  

      2011 <http://www.caterpillar.com/cda/components/fullArticle?

      m=401497&x=7&id=2775424>. 

"Help Prevent OSHA's Top 10 Violations." Caterpillar Safety. Caterpillar Safety,  

      n.d. Web. 9 Oct 2011. <http://safety.cat.com/cda/files/2133560/7/OSHA  

      violations-SafetyTraining.pdf>.

"Our Values In Action." Caterpillar. Caterpillar, Jul 2010. Web. 9            

      Oct 2011. <http://www.caterpillar.com/cda/files/2500099/7/

      English_OVIA_v05.pdf>.

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. United States Department of Labor,               n.d. Web. 9 Oct 2011. <http://www.osha.gov/index.html>.

Human Resources:

“Careers.” Caterpillar. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 26 Oct

          2011. <http://www.caterpillar.com/careers>

"Getting Hired at Caterpillar Inc.." Vault. Stony Brook University Career Center,

          n.d. Web. 26 Oct 2011    

          <http://careerinsider.vault.com/wps/myportal/careerinsider/

          companies/company_gold_pages/?companyId=681&detail=GettingHired>.

"How We Hire." Caterpillar. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 24 Oct 2011.
          <http://www.caterpillar.com/careers/how-we-hire>.

Operations:

“Caterpillar.” Caterpillar. N.d. Web.  Nov 2011. <http://www.caterpillar.com>

"Corporate Governance." Caterpillar. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 1 Nov 2011.
          <http://www.caterpillar.com/company/governance>.
"Marine Careers." Marine Caterpillar. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 1 Nov 2011.
          <http://marine.cat.com/cda/files/1059879/7/Brochure - Cat Marine    

          Careers.pdf>.
"Services." Cat Logistics. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 1 Nov 2011.
          <http://logistics.cat.com/cda/layout?m=117223&x=7>.

Marketing:

"2010 Chairman's Message." Caterpillar. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 9 Nov 2011.
        <http://www.caterpillar.com/cda/layout?m=389975&x=7&ids=2646161>.

"Audience Demographics for cat.com." Alexa: The Web Information Company.    

      Alexa, n.d. Web. 7 Nov 2011. <http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/cat.com>.

"Online Community." Caterpillar. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 7 Nov 2011.
      <https://caterpillar.lithium.com/caterpillar/>.

"Promotions & Events." Caterpillar Financial Services. Caterpillar, n.d. Web. 9 Nov        2011. <http://finance.cat.com/cda/layout?m=332456&x=7>.

Schaefer, Mark. "Case Study: Caterpillar and blue collar social media marketing ."            Businesses Grow. N.p., 18 May 2011. Web. 7 Nov  

      2011. <http://www.businessesgrow.com/2011/05/18/

      case-study-caterpillar-and-blue-collar-
      social-media-marketing/>.

Finance:

"Annual Financials for Caterpillar Inc.." Market Watch. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov       2011. <http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/cat/financials>.

 "Balance Sheet." Forbes. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov 2011. 
       <http://finapps.forbes.com/finapps/jsp/finance/compinfo/FinancialIndustrial.jsp?       tkr=CAT>.

"Caterpillar Inc General and Financial Information 2010." U.S. Securites and        Exchange Commission. N.p., 22 Feb 2011. Web. 13 Nov 2011.           <http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000110465911008938/a10-
       18643_1ex13.htm>

"Caterpillar Inc Common Stock." Yahoo Finance. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov 2011.